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Terminology used in the instructions for use for ophthalmic implants, surgical tools & instruments, OVDs, ophthalmic irrigating fluids

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list of symbols used on the package/label and their explanation

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

списък със символи, използвани в пакет/етикета и тяхното обяснение на

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. The opposite of indication is contraindication.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Implants & interventional materials

В медицината указание е основателна причина да се използва определен тест, медикаменти, процедура или хирургия. Обратното на индикация е противопоказание.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Implants & interventional materials

A contraindication (pronounced as contra-indication) is a condition or factor that speaks against a certain measure. It is mostly used in medicine, with regard to factors that increase the risks involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity. Some contraindications are absolute, meaning that there are no reasonable circumstances for undertaking a course of action. For example, a baby with a fever should never be given aspirin because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, and a person with an anaphylactic food allergy should never eat the food to which they are allergic. Similarly, a person with hemochromatosis should not be administered iron preparations. Other contraindications are relative, meaning that the patient is at higher risk of complications, but that these risks may be outweighed by other considerations or mitigated by other measures. For example, a pregnant woman should normally avoid getting X-rays, but the risk may be far less than the risk of not diagnosing or being able to treat a serious condition such as tuberculosis or a broken bone. Relative contraindications may also be referred to as cautions, such as in the British National Formulary.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Implants & interventional materials

Противопоказания (произнася се като контра-указание) е състояние или фактор, който говори срещу определена мярка. Тя се използва предимно в медицината, по отношение на фактори, които увеличават рисковете, свързани с използването на дадено лекарство, извършване на медицинска процедура или извършване на определена дейност. Някои противопоказания са абсолютни, което означава, че няма никакви основателни обстоятелства за предприемане на курс на действие. Например бебе с висока температура никога не трябва да се дава аспирин поради риск от синдром на Reye, и човек с анафилактични хранителна алергия никога не трябва да се яде храни, към които са алергични. По същия начин човек с хемохроматоза не трябва да бъде администрирана железни препарати. Други противопоказания са относителни, което означава, че пациентът е по-висок риск от усложнения, но че тези рискове могат да бъдат компенсирани от други съображения или смекчени от други мерки. Например една бременна жена обикновено трябва да се избегне получаване на рентгеновите лъчи, но рискът може да бъде далеч по-малка от риска от не диагностициране или е в състояние за лечение на сериозни проблеми като туберкулоза или счупена кост. Относителни противопоказания може да също бъдат посочени като предупреждения, като например в Британската национална Formulary.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Implants & interventional materials

list of symbols used on the package/label and their explanation

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

списък със символи, използвани в пакет/етикета и тяхното обяснение на

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

In United States safety standards, precautionary statements are sentences providing information on potential hazards, and proper procedures. They are used in situations from consumer product on labels and manuals, to descriptions of physical activities. Various methods are used to bring focus to them, such as setting apart from normal text, graphic icons, changes in text's font and color. Texts will often clarify the types of statements and their meanings within the text. Common precautionary statements are described below.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

В стандарти за безопасност на САЩ препоръки за безопасност са изречения, предоставяне на информация за потенциални опасности, както и подходящи процедури. Те се използват в ситуации от потребителски продукт на етикети и ръководства, за описанията на физически дейности. Различни методи се използват да се съсредоточи към тях, като настройка освен нормален текст, графични икони, промени в цвета и шрифта на текста. Текстове често ще изясни типовете отчети и техните значения в текста. Общи препоръки за безопасност, са описани по-долу.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

Dose means quantity in the following fields: In nutrition, medicine, and toxicology: * Dose (biochemistry), the quantity of something that may be eaten by or administered to an organism, or that an organism may be exposed to In medicine and toxicology: * Absorbed dose, an amount of radiation received * Dosing, the process of administering a measured amount of a medicine or chemical to an inanimate object or non-human animal * Effective dose, the smallest amount of a substance required to produce a measurable effect on a living organism * Equivalent dose, a measure of radiation dosage to tissue * Maximum tolerated dose, the highest dose of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect without unacceptable toxicity. * Optimal Biological Dose, the quantity of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect with acceptable toxicity. * Reference dose, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance Dosage is a synonym for the biochemical term dose!

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

Доза означава количеството в следните полета: В храненето, медицина и токсикология: * доза (биохимия), количеството на нещо, което може да се яде от или предписвани на един организъм, или че един организъм може да бъдат изложени на медицина и токсикология: * поета доза, в размер на радиация получен * дозировъчни, процеса на администриране на измереното количество медицина или химически на неодушевен предмет или не човешки животни * ефективна доза, най-малкото количество на дадено вещество, изисквани да произведе измерим ефект върху жив организъм * еквивалентна доза, мярка за радиационната доза на тъканите * максимално поносима доза, най-високата доза от радиологичен или фармакологично лечение, което ще произвежда желания ефект без неприемливо токсичност. * Оптимално биологични доза, количеството на радиологични или фармакологично лечение, което ще произвежда желания ефект с приемливи токсичност. * Референтна доза, Съединените щати околната среда Агенцията защита максимално допустимо орална доза на токсично вещество дозировка е синоним за биохимични термин доза!

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

In medicine, most medications can be safely used with other medicines, but particular combinations of medicines need to be monitored for interactions, often by the pharmacist. In molecular biology, the knowledge on gene/protein interaction among themselves and with their metabolites is referred to as molecular pathways. Interactions between medications (drug interactions) fall generally into one of two main categories: 1. pharmacodynamic : Involving the actions of the two interacting drugs. 2. pharmacokinetic : Involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or both of the interacting drugs upon the other. In terms of efficacy, there can be three types of interactions between medications: additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Additive interaction means the effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately. This is usually due to the two chemicals acting on the body in the same way. Examples would be Aspirin and Motrin, Alcohol and Depressant, Tranquilizer and Painkiller. Synergistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effect at the same doses. An example is Pesticide and Fertilizer, the biological effect is devastating. Antagonistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals is actually less than the sum of the effect of the two drugs taken independently of each other. This is because the second chemical increases the excretion of the first, or even directly blocks its toxic actions. Antagonism forms the basis for antidotes of poisonings.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

В медицината повечето лекарства може да се използва безопасно с други лекарства, но специално комбинации от лекарства трябва да бъдат наблюдавани за взаимодействия, често от фармацевт. В молекулярната биология знанието на ген/протеин взаимодействие помежду си и с техните метаболити се нарича молекулярна пътища. Взаимодействия между лекарства (лекарствени взаимодействия) обикновено попадат в една от две основни категории: 1. фармакодинамични: включващи действията на двете взаимодействащи лекарства. 2. фармакокинетични: включващи абсорбцията, разпределението, метаболизма и екскрецията на едното или двете от взаимодействащи наркотиците върху другата. От гледна точка на ефикасността, може да има три вида на взаимодействия между лекарства: добавка, синергичен и антагонистични. Добавка взаимодействие означава ефекта на две химически вещества е равна на сбора на ефекта на две химически вещества, взети поотделно. Това обикновено се дължи на две химикали, действуваща върху тялото по същия начин. Примери ще бъде аспирин и Motrin, алкохол и депресант, успокоително и болкоуспокояващо. Синергични взаимодействие означава, че ефектът на две химически вещества, взети заедно е по-голяма от сумата на техните отделни ефект в същите дози. Един пример е пестициди и торове, биологични ефектът е опустошителен. Антагонистични взаимодействия означава, че ефектът от две химикали е всъщност по-малко от сумата на ефекта на двете лекарства взети независимо един от друг. Това е така, защото вторият химически увеличава екскрецията на първия или дори директно блокира неговите токсични действия. Антагонизъм формира основата за антидоти на отравяния.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. In clinical trials, a distinction is made between adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Generally, any event which causes death, permanent damage, birth defects, or requires hospitalization is considered an SAE.[1] The results of these trials are often included in the labeling of the medication to provide information both for patients and the prescribing physicians.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. In clinical trials, a distinction is made between adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Generally, any event which causes death, permanent damage, birth defects, or requires hospitalization is considered an SAE.[1] The results of these trials are often included in the labeling of the medication to provide information both for patients and the prescribing physicians.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

complications that may arise following surgery

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

усложнения, които могат да възникнат след операция

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

Complication, in medicine, is an unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. The disease can become worse in its severity or show a higher number of signs, symptoms or new pathological changes, become widespread throughout the body or affect other organ systems. A medical treatment, such as drugs or surgery may produce adverse effects and/or produce new health problem(s) by itself. A new disease may also appear as a complication to a previous existing disease. Therefore, a complication may be iatrogenic, i.e., literally brought forth by the physician. Medical knowledge about a disease, procedure or treatment usually entails a list of the most common complications, so that they can be foreseen, prevented or recognized more easily and speedily. Depending on the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age, health status, immune system condition, etc. complications may arise more easily. Complications affect adversely the prognosis of a disease. Non-invasive and minimally invasive medical procedures usually favor fewer complications in comparison to invasive ones. Examples of complications * Generalized septicemia (infection of the blood) may occur as a complication of an infected wound or abscess * Allergic shock can be a reaction to several kinds of anesthetics, as a complication in a surgery * Fractured ribs and sternum may be a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts in people suffering severe osteoporosis * Puerperal fever may be a common complication of childbirth and used to kill a large proportion of mothers before the advent of antisepsis and antibiotics * Diabetes mellitus may present a series of complications in an advanced or more severe stage, such as gangrene, diabetic foot, blindness, infections, etc. * Thrombosis in the heart or brain, causing stroke or acute myocardial infarction can be complications of blood coagulation disorders, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), endocarditis and artificial heart valves * Eczema vaccinatum is a rare and severe complication of smallpox vaccination in people with eczema * Hepatotoxic dementia is a possible complication of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis * Mental retardation is a common complication of untreated hydrocephalus * A paradoxical reaction to a drug; that is, a reaction that is the opposite to the intended purpose of the drug. An example is benzodiazepines, a class of psychoactive drugs considered minor tranquilizers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects; paradoxically they may also create hyperactivity, anxiety, convulsions etc. in susceptible individuals. [1] * Erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence are prevalent to prostatectomy.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biomedical; Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Clinical trials; Implants & interventional materials

Усложнение, в медицината, е неблагоприятна еволюция на болестта, здравословно състояние или медицинско лечение. Болестта може да стане по-лошо в нейната тежест или показват по-голям брой признаци, симптоми или нови патологични промени, широкото им разпространение в целия организъм или засягат други органи и системи. Медицинско лечение, като лекарства или операция може да доведе до неблагоприятни ефекти и/или произвеждат нови здраве проблема (ите) само по себе си. Ново заболяване може да се появи като усложнение на предишна съществуваща болест. Следователно усложнение може да бъде ятрогенна, т.е., буквално роди от лекаря. Медицински познания за заболяването, процедура или лечение обикновено води до списък от най-честите усложнения, така че те могат да бъдат предвидени, предотвратени или признати по-лесно и бързо. В зависимост от степента на уязвимост, чувствителност, възраст, здравния статус, имунната система, състояние и други усложнения могат да възникнат по-лесно. Усложнения повлияе неблагоприятно на прогнозата на болестта. Минимално инвазивни и неинвазивни медицински процедури обикновено полза по-малко усложнения в сравнение със инвазивно такива. Примери за усложнения * Generalized сепсис (заразяване на кръвта) може да настъпи като усложнение на заразените рана или абсцес * алергичен шок може да бъде реакция на няколко вида на анестетици, като усложнение в операция * разрушили ребрата и гръдната кост може да бъде усложнение на опити за кардиопулмонална ресусцитация при хора, страдащи тежка остеопороза * родилен свинете може да е често срещано усложнение на раждане и използвани за убиват голяма част от майките преди появата на антисептика интервенции и антибиотици * диабет диабет може да представлява поредица от усложнения в напреднал или по-тежки стадии, като гангрена, диабетно стъпало, слепота, инфекции и др. * Тромбоза в сърцето или мозъка, причинявайки инсулт или инфаркт на миокарда може да настъпят усложнения на кръвта нарушения в коагулацията, флебит (възпаление на вените), ендокардит и изкуствени сърдечни клапи * екзема vaccinatum е рядко и тежко усложнение на едра шарка ваксинация при хора с екзема * хепатотоксични деменция е възможно усложнение на хепатит и черния дроб цироза * умствено изоставане е често срещано усложнение на необработени хидроцефалия * парадоксална реакция на наркотици; тоест, реакция, която е обратното на предназначението на лекарството. Един пример е бензодиазепини, клас на психоактивни вещества, смята незначителни транквиланти с различна хипнотично, успокоително, анксиолитичен, антиконвулсанти и мускулен релаксант ефекти; парадоксално също така те могат да създадат хиперактивност, безпокойство, конвулсии и т.н. при податливи хора. [1] * Еректилна дисфункция и инконтиненция са разпространени до простатектомия.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biomedical; Diseases; Hospitals; Diseases; Herbal medicine; Medicine; Clinical trials; Implants & interventional materials

Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells.[1] In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

Опаковката е наука, изкуство и технология на Ограждащите или защита на продуктите за разпределение, съхранение, продажба и употреба. Опаковката също така се отнася до процеса на проектирането, оценяването и производство на опаковки. Опаковката може да бъде описан като координирана система за подготовка на стоките за транспорт, складиране, логистика, продажба и крайна употреба. Опаковката съдържа, защитава, запазва, транспортира, информира и продава.[1] В много страни тя е напълно интегрирана в правителството, бизнеса, институционални, промишлени и лична употреба.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: 

description a statement presenting something in words, from verb describe

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biochemistry; Biofuel; Biomedical; Behavioral science; Cancer treatment; Dentistry; Diseases; Hematology; Hospitals; Medical research; Nursing homes; Psychiatry; Vaccines; Regulatory; Herbal medicine; Histology; Medicine; Cardiac supplies; Clinical analytical instruments; Clinical trials; Dental equipment; Dermatology instruments; Emergency room apparatus; ENT instruments; Eye instruments; General assay & diagnostic instruments; Implants & interventional materials; Medical cryogenic equipment; OBGYN equipment; Orthopaedic supplies; Pharmacology instruments; Physical therapy equipment; Radiology equipment; Sterilization equipment; Surgical instruments; Ultrasonic & optical equipment; Ward nursing equipment

описание отчет представя нещо с думи, от глагола описват

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biochemistry; Biofuel; Biomedical; Behavioral science; Cancer treatment; Dentistry; Diseases; Hematology; Hospitals; Medical research; Nursing homes; Psychiatry; Vaccines; Regulatory; Herbal medicine; Histology; Medicine; Cardiac supplies; Clinical analytical instruments; Clinical trials; Dental equipment; Dermatology instruments; Emergency room apparatus; ENT instruments; Eye instruments; General assay & diagnostic instruments; Implants & interventional materials; Medical cryogenic equipment; OBGYN equipment; Orthopaedic supplies; Pharmacology instruments; Physical therapy equipment; Radiology equipment; Sterilization equipment; Surgical instruments; Ultrasonic & optical equipment; Ward nursing equipment

"a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it" Essential Requirements - Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC - Annex I, 13.1: Each device must be accompanied by the information needed to use it safely and to identify the manufacturer, taking account of the training and knowledge of the potential user. This information comprises the details on the label and the data in the instructions for use. As far as practicable and appropriate, the information needed to use the device safely must be set out on the device itself and/or on the packaging of each unit. If not practicable, the information must be set out in the leaflet supplied with one or more devices. Instructions for use must be included in the packaging for every device. By way of exception, no such instruction leaflet is needed for devices in Class I or Class IIa if they can be used completely safely without any such instructions.

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biochemistry; Biofuel; Biomedical; Behavioral science; Cancer treatment; Dentistry; Diseases; Hematology; Hospitals; Medical research; Nursing homes; Psychiatry; Vaccines; Regulatory; Herbal medicine; Histology; Medicine; Cardiac supplies; Clinical analytical instruments; Clinical trials; Dental equipment; Dermatology instruments; Emergency room apparatus; ENT instruments; Eye instruments; General assay & diagnostic instruments; Implants & interventional materials; Medical cryogenic equipment; OBGYN equipment; Orthopaedic supplies; Pharmacology instruments; Physical therapy equipment; Radiology equipment; Sterilization equipment; Surgical instruments; Ultrasonic & optical equipment; Ward nursing equipment

Упътване за използване

Domain: Biotechnology; Health care; Life Sciences; Medical; Medical devices; Regulatory; Category: Biochemistry; Biofuel; Biomedical; Behavioral science; Cancer treatment; Dentistry; Diseases; Hematology; Hospitals; Medical research; Nursing homes; Psychiatry; Vaccines; Regulatory; Herbal medicine; Histology; Medicine; Cardiac supplies; Clinical analytical instruments; Clinical trials; Dental equipment; Dermatology instruments; Emergency room apparatus; ENT instruments; Eye instruments; General assay & diagnostic instruments; Implants & interventional materials; Medical cryogenic equipment; OBGYN equipment; Orthopaedic supplies; Pharmacology instruments; Physical therapy equipment; Radiology equipment; Sterilization equipment; Surgical instruments; Ultrasonic & optical equipment; Ward nursing equipment

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