անուղղակի հարկում

անուղղակի հարկում

Taxes that do not come straight out of a person’s pay packet or assets, or out of company profit. For example, a consumption tax, such as value-added tax (see expenditure tax). Contrast with direct taxation, such as income tax. Indirect taxation has become increasingly popular with politicians because it may be less noticeable to people paying it than income tax and is harder to avoid paying.

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հարկում

경제; 경제

Prostitution may be the oldest profession, but tax collection was surely not far behind. In its early days, taxation did not always involve handing over money. The ancient Chinese ...

անուղղակի ծախսեր

회계; 세금

Costs that can't be directly related to the cost objective or a product

ուղղակի հարկում

경제; 경제

Taxes levied on the income or wealth of an individual or company. Contrast with indirect taxation. In much of the world, direct tax rates fell during the 1980s and 1990s, partly ...

վարկանիշ

경제; 경제

A guide to the riskiness of a financial instrument provided by a ratings agency, such as Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch IBCA. These measures of credit quality are mostly ...

նորմավորում

경제; 경제

Although economists say that rationing is what the price mechanism does, what most people think of as rationing is an alternative to letting prices determine how scarce economic ...

իրական փոխարժեք

경제; 경제

An exchange rate that has been adjusted to take account of any difference in the rate of inflation in the two countries whose currency is being exchanged.

իրական տոկոսադրույք

경제; 경제

The interest rate less the rate of inflation.

անկում

경제; 경제

Broadly speaking, a period of slow or negative economic growth, usually accompanied by rising unemployment. Economists have two more precise definitions of a recession. The first, ...