- 업종: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A cloud species unique to the genus cumulus. See cumulus congestus, cloud classification.
Industry:Weather
A clock-driven device for recording the time of occurrence of an event. It is often used, for example, in conjunction with a contact anemometer and a wind vane to obtain a record of wind speed and direction as a function of time. See multiple register.
Industry:Weather
A cloud forming in continental air, characterized by relatively high concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplets. These clouds are characterized by high concentrations of small drops (>500 cm-3), with a somewhat narrow size distribution. See maritime cloud.
Industry:Weather
A climatic inconstancy that consists of any form of systematic change, whether regular or irregular, except climatic trend and climatic discontinuity. It is characterized by at least two maxima (or minima) and one minimum (or maximum) including those at the end points of the record.
Industry:Weather
A climate change that consists of a rather abrupt and permanent change during the period of record from one average value (for the early part of the record) to a distinctly different average value (for the later part of the record).
Industry:Weather
A climate model that includes both atmospheric and oceanic components coupled interactively. These components are often general circulation models with global or regional domains. Models of this type are often used to investigate the response of climate to time-varying forcing, such as the gradual increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
Industry:Weather
A class of analytical or numerical time-dependent models in which at least two different subsystems of earth's climate system are allowed to interact. These subsystems may include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. This term is most commonly used for models of the evolution and interaction of earth's atmosphere and ocean. Coupled (two way) interaction between different subsystems can be contrasted with the class of models where the evolution of a subsystem A is affected by the present state of the subsystem B, but changes in A do not have feedback on the evolution of B itself.
Industry:Weather
A class of instruments employed to determine the electric potential at a point in the atmosphere, and ultimately the atmospheric electric field. All collectors consist of some device for rather rapidly bringing a conductor to the same potential as the air immediately surrounding it, plus some form of electrometer for measuring the difference in potential between the equilibrated collector and the earth itself. Collectors differ widely in their speed of response to atmospheric potential changes. When a flame is used to increase the local ion density and thereby facilitate potential equilibration, some advantage over a simple exposed conductor is gained; the relaxation time becomes of the order of one minute. Use of radioactive coatings, preferably emitters of alpha particles, gives a faster response, attaining relaxation times of the order of a few seconds. Certain mechanical collectors have relaxation times of the order of a few hundredths of a second. Compare impactor.
Industry:Weather
A climate change characterized by a reasonably smooth, monotonic increase or decrease of the average value of one or more climatic elements during the period of record.
Industry:Weather
A chlorine compound with chemical formula ClNO3, often written as ClONO2. It is of importance as a reservoir species for reactive chlorine and nitrogen in the lower and middle stratosphere. It is formed in the termolecular reaction of ClO with NO2 and is destroyed via photolysis by near-UV solar radiation or via heterogeneous reactions on polar stratospheric clouds and aerosol particles.
Industry:Weather
