- 업종: Oil & gas
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The structure used to support the crown blocks and the drillstring of a drilling rig. Derricks are usually pyramidal in shape, and offer a good strength-to-weight ratio. If the derrick design does not allow it to be moved easily in one piece, special ironworkers must assemble them piece by piece, and in some cases disassemble them if they are to be moved.
Industry:Oil & gas
The structure used to support the crown blocks and the drillstring. Masts are usually rectangular or trapezoidal in shape and offer a very good stiffness, important to land rigs whose mast is laid down when the rig is moved. They suffer from being heavier than conventional derricks and consequently are not usually found in offshore environments, where weight is more of a concern than in land operations.
Industry:Oil & gas
The steel-sided room adjacent to the rig floor, usually having an access door close to the driller's controls. This general-purpose shelter is a combination tool shed, office, communications center, coffee room, lunchroom and general meeting place for the driller and his crew. It is at the same elevation as the rig floor, usually cantilevered out from the main substructure supporting the rig.
Industry:Oil & gas
The stationing of a vessel, especially a drillship or semisubmersible drilling rig, at a specific location in the sea by the use of computer-controlled propulsion units called thrusters. Though drilling vessels have varying sea and weather state design conditions, most remain relatively stable even under high wind, wave and current loading conditions. Inability to maintain stationkeeping, whether due to excessive natural forces or failure of one or more electromechanical systems, leads to a "drive off" condition that requires emergency procedures to disconnect the riser from the subsea BOP stack, or worse, drop the riser from the vessel altogether.
Industry:Oil & gas
The spherical diameter corresponding to the ellipsoidal volume distribution of the screen opening sizes as measured by image analysis techniques. Named after Al Cutt of Amoco who developed the technique. Not to be confused with cut point. <br>Reference:<br>Cutt AR: "Shaker Screen Characterization Through Image Analysis," paper SPE 22570, presented at the 66th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, USA, October 6-9, 1991.
Industry:Oil & gas
The speed at which the drill bit can break the rock under it and thus deepen the wellbore. This speed is usually reported in units of feet per hour or meters per hour.
Industry:Oil & gas
The speed the drilling fluid attains when accelerated through bit nozzles. The exit velocity is typically in the low-hundreds of feet per second. It has been reported that in certain shaly formations, an impingement velocity on the order of 250 feet per second is required to effectively remove newly created rock chips from the bottom of the hole. This impingement velocity is not, however, the same as the exit velocity, since the high-energy fluid jet loses velocity through viscous losses and conversions from kinetic energy to forms of potential energy occur once the fluid leaves the bit. For this reason, the well designer generally seeks to maximize the fluid velocity (or other measure of jet energy) to achieve maximum cleaning at the bottom of the hole.
Industry:Oil & gas
The space between two concentric objects, such as between the wellbore and casing or between casing and tubing, where fluid can flow. Pipe may consist of drill collars, drillpipe, casing or tubing.
Industry:Oil & gas
The speed at which drilling fluid or cement moves in the annulus. It is important to monitor annular velocity to ensure that the hole is being properly cleaned of cuttings, cavings and other debris while avoiding erosion of the borehole wall. The annular velocity is commonly expressed in units of feet per minute or, less commonly, meters per minute. The term is distinct from volumetric flow.
Industry:Oil & gas
The space between the float or guide shoe and the landing or float collar. The principal function of this space is to ensure that the shoe is surrounded in high-quality cement and that any contamination that may bypass the top cement plug is safely contained within the shoe track.
Industry:Oil & gas
